The South Africa national rugby union team, widely known as the Springboks, embodies the nation's sporting pride and resilience. The team plays in green and gold jerseys with white shorts, and their emblem is the springbok, a native antelope and the national animal of South Africa.
Their first test match was on 30 July 1891 against a British Isles touring team. The Springboks are the reigning World Cup winners, and have won the tournament four times (1995, 2007, 2019 and 2023), more than any other country.
Rugby union is a highly popular sport in South Africa, often attracting the country's most talented athletes.
Siya Kolisi became the most decorated South African Captain, having won two world cups back to back in 2019 and 2023
The Springboks also compete in the annual Rugby Championship (previously the Tri-Nations), along with Argentina, Australia and New Zealand.
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Early Tours and Establishing the Springbok Identity
The first British Isles tour took place in 1891, at Diocesan College. These were the first representative games played by South African sides. Paul Roos's team first introduced the Springbok emblem during their 1906-07 tour of Britain to prevent the British press from inventing their own name for the team.
The British Isles' success continued on their tour of 1896, winning three out of four tests against South Africa. The first South African team to tour the British Isles and France occurred during 1906-07. The team played tests against all four Home Nations.
The 1910 British Isles tour of South Africa was the first to include representatives from all four Home unions. The tourists won just one of their three tests.
The Boks' second European tour took place in 1912-13. The All Blacks first toured South Africa in 1928, and again the Test series finished level.
The Springboks won the first Test 17-0 to inflict the All Blacks' heaviest defeat since 1893. The All Blacks rebounded to win the second Test 7-6.
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The British Isles toured South Africa again in 1938, winning the majority of their tour matches. The Springboks secured easy victories in the first two tests.
The 1951-52 team that toured Europe was considered amongst the finest Springbok sides to tour. The team won the Grand Slam as well as defeating France. Hennie Muller captained the side. In 1953, Australia toured South Africa for the second time and although they lost the series, they defeated South Africa 18-14 in the second test.
When Australia first toured South Africa in 1933, the visitors wore sky blue jerseys to avoid confusion, as both teams wore dark green jerseys at the time. In 1953, when Australia toured again, the Springboks wore white jerseys for the test matches.
Apartheid Era and International Isolation
In 1960, international criticism of apartheid grew in the wake of The Wind of Change speech and the Sharpeville massacre. The Springboks increasingly became the target of international protest.
The 1962 British Lions tour to South Africa lost three of the four tests, drawing the other. Next year in the 1969-70 Springbok tour to the UK and Ireland the Springboks lost test matches against England and Scotland, and drew against Ireland and Wales.
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In the Springbok tour of Australia in 1971, the Springboks won all three tests. The Lions team that toured South Africa in 1974 triumphed 3-0 (with one drawn) in the test series. A key feature was the Lions' infamous '99 call'. Lions management had decided that the Springboks dominated their opponents with physical aggression, so decided "to get their retaliation in first". At the call of '99' each Lions player would attack their nearest rival player.
The 1976 All Blacks tour of South Africa went ahead, and the Springboks won by three Tests to one, but coming shortly after the Soweto riots the tour attracted international condemnation. Twenty-eight countries boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics in protest, and in 1977 the Gleneagles Agreement discouraged any Commonwealth sporting contact with South Africa.
In response to the growing pressure, the segregated South African rugby unions merged in 1977. The 1981 Springbok tour of New Zealand went ahead in defiance of the Gleneagles Agreement. South Africa lost the series 1-2. The tour and the massive civil disruption in New Zealand had ramifications far beyond rugby.
In 1981, Errol Tobias became the first non-white South African to represent his country when he took the field against Ireland.
South Africa sought to counteract its sporting isolation by inviting the South American Jaguars to tour. The team contained mainly Argentinian players. Eight matches were played between the two teams in the early 1980s-all awarded Test status.
In 1985, a planned All Black tour of South Africa was stopped by the New Zealand High Court. A rebel tour took place the next year by a team known as the Cavaliers, which consisted of all but two of the original squad. The Springboks won the series 3-1.
Post-Apartheid Era and World Cup Glory
So how did the Springboks win the World Cup? | A Squidge Rugby Deep Dive
Apartheid was abolished during 1990-91, and the Springboks were readmitted to international rugby in 1992. They struggled to return to their pre-isolation standards in their first games after readmission.
South Africa hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with a surge of support for the Springboks among the white and black communities behind the slogan "one team, one country." This was the first major international sports event to be held in the Rainbow Nation.
Nelson Mandela, wearing a Springbok rugby jersey and cap, presented the Webb Ellis Cup to South African captain François Pienaar to the delight of the capacity crowd.
By the time they hosted the 1995 World Cup, the Springboks, coached by Kitch Christie, were seeded ninth. They won their pool by defeating Australia, Romania, and Canada. Wins in the quarter-final against Western Samoa (42-14) and in the semi-final against France (19-15) sent the Springboks to the final.
South Africa won the 1995 Rugby World Cup final against the All Blacks 15-12 in extra-time. President Nelson Mandela, wearing a Springbok shirt, presented the trophy to captain Francois Pienaar, a white Afrikaner.
A series of crises followed in 1995 through 1997. Christie resigned in 1996 due to leukaemia, which led to his death in 1998. South Africa struggled in the new Tri-Nations competition, the All Blacks won a test series in South Africa for the first time in 1996, and the Lions won their 1997 South African tour test series two games to one.
Following wins during the June 2004 tours, the Boks won the 2004 Tri Nations Series. The Springboks won the 2004 IRB International Team of the Year award. The 2006 Springboks lost to France, ending their long undefeated home record. A poor 2006 Tri Nations Series included two losses to the Wallabies.
At the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France, the Springboks won their pool. The Springboks then defeated Fiji 37-20 in the quarter-finals, and Argentina 37-13 in the semi-finals.
In January 2008, Peter de Villiers was appointed as the first non-white coach of the Springboks. De Villiers's first squad included ten of colour.
The 2009 season was more successful. The Boks earned a 2-1 series win over the Lions, and then won the 2009 Tri Nations Series. However, during the November tests they lost their top spot in the IRB rankings with losses to France and Ireland.
In the 2011 Tri Nations the Boks rested a number of players in preparation for the upcoming World Cup. In his first match in charge, Erasmus awarded thirteen new players their first test cap, in a one-off match in Washington, D.C. in a 22-20 loss to Wales. A week later, he secured his first win, a 42-39 victory over England, during their three-test series.
The series title was clinched in the second test, with the Springboks winning 23-12, to secure a series victory. However, South Africa were unable to gain the clean-sweep, after losing the third test, 25-10.
During the 2018 Rugby Championship, Erasmus led the Springboks to second, their best placing since 2014. The 2018 Championship saw South Africa win three games, including a thrilling 36-34 victory over New Zealand in Wellington, South Africa's first win in New Zealand since 2009.
Erasmus later revealed that had the Springboks lost that match, he would have resigned: "We [had recently] lost to Australia and Argentina, and if we didn't win in Wellington I would have resigned ... I have never lost three games in a row as a coach and if I did that I don't deserve to be a Springbok coach.
The 2019 and 2023 World Cup Victories
The Springboks won the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Japan after defeating England 32-12 in the final. The final match between South Africa and England served as a rematch between the two in reference to the 2007 Rugby World Cup final.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Springboks, were affected by the cancellation and postponement of several matches, as well as concerns over player welfare and safety. In August 2020, South Africa withdrew from the Rugby Championship due to concerns over player welfare and COVID-19 restrictions.
The Springboks faced a tough pool that included the likes of Ireland and Scotland. They suffered a narrow defeat to Ireland.
The Springboks were crowned Rugby World Cup champions for the fourth time, making them the first nation to win men's 4 titles (NZ and England having already won 4 across men's and women's rugby) and their second in a row .
The Bomb Squad: The Springboks' dominance in the scrums became a defining feature of their knock-out stage success. Throughout the tournament, the Springboks displayed a resolute defensive performance. They conceded the fewest penalties of any team and their tackling technique was exceptional.
- Quarter Final vs France: In a nail-biting encounter against the host nation, the Springboks fought tenaciously throughout the match.
- Semi Final vs England: Another tense affair, this game tested the Springboks' grit. They battled fiercely against England, with the score seesawing throughout.
- Final vs New Zealand: A thrilling 80 minutes that kept fans on the edge of their seats. The All Blacks were reduced to 14 men in the first half after captain Sam Cane was sent off for a dangerous tackle. Despite their numerical advantage, the Springboks faced strong defense from New Zealand.
The 2023 Springboks were a team that embodied the spirit of unity.
Emblem and Jersey Evolution
From 1906 onwards, South African rugby officials and the national team were historically linked with racism. Since the end of apartheid, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) has sought to replace the Springbok emblem with a neutral symbol representing a break from the past, the King Protea, South Africa's national flower, was chosen for this purpose, leading to the national cricket team being named the Proteas for example.
A similar change was envisioned for the national rugby team. As portrayed in the film Invictus, pressure to replace the Springbok emblem intensified in 1994, just before the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa. However, Nelson Mandela, a devoted fan of the Springbok rugby team, intervened, leading the ANC's executive to reappropriate the emblem instead of abolishing it.
In March 2004, the South African Sports Commission ratified a decision for the Protea to be the official rugby emblem on blazers and caps, allowing the Springbok to remain on the team jersey and the traditional Springbok colours. In November 2007, the ANC's special conference in Polokwane reiterated the need for a single symbol for all sporting codes.
Furthermore, South African Rugby (SARU) has not made any official moves to change the emblem. South Africa plays in green jerseys with a gold collar and trim, white shorts and green socks. The green jersey was first adopted when the British Isles toured South Africa in 1903.
For the 2015 Rugby World Cup, the springbok was moved from the front of the jersey to the right sleeve while the Protea remained on the front. This change was due to World Cup regulations stating that only the IRB logo and the main team logo could appear on the front of the shirt.
American company Nike is the kit provider for all the South Africa rugby teams from July 2023, through a six-year contract signed with the SARU. South Africa's shirt sponsor as of 2025 is FNB, one of the country's major banks.
Key Moments and Records
The first South African international took place in 1891 at Port Elizabeth's Crusader Grounds. The 60,000 seat Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg was the main venue for the 1995 World Cup, where the Springboks defeated the All Blacks in the final.
Siya Kolisi became the most decorated South African Captain, having won two world cups back to back in 2019 and 2023 (equaling the New Zealand team led by Richie McCaw who also won back to back world cups in 2011 and 2015) as captain. Furthermore, as Captain he stands alone as the only Springboks Captain to have led South Africa to four consecutive wins against the All Blacks.
Prior to that he shared the record with former Captain's John Smit (2007) and Felix du Plessis (1949). He also has now won as captain, the most trophy's in one year (2024) than any other Springboks Captain before him.
South Africa's most capped player is Eben Etzebeth with 138 caps. The Lock broke the record previously held by Victor Matfield on the 28th of September 2024 in a test match against Argentina. The most-capped back is Bryan Habana.
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