The African Sumac, known scientifically as Searsia lancea (formerly Rhus lancea), is a medium-sized evergreen tree that has become a popular choice for landscaping in hot and sunny regions, particularly in Arizona. This tree is appreciated for its resilience and attractive foliage, making it a valuable addition to both streetscapes and gardens.
African Sumac Tree with leaves and fruit.
Characteristics and Growth
The African Sumac is characterized by:
- A rounded trunk of considerable size.
- Multiple branches, reaching a height of 20-30 feet.
- Leaves that vary in color from light green to green, emitting a pleasant aroma when crushed. The leaves are divided into three short segments, each measuring 3-5 inches.
- Inconspicuous yellow-green flowers that bloom in winter, followed by small seeds consumed by birds.
In Phoenix, Arizona, African Sumac trees (Searsia lancea) are known for their tall, aggressive growth. They often present as dense, multi-trunk trees with compound leaves formed in groups of three leaflets, each about 2-3 inches long. If left unpruned, some branches can become bush-like and reach the ground.
African Sumac Tree in Phoenix.
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Ideal Growing Conditions
The African Sumac thrives under specific conditions:
- Soil: Well-drained soil is crucial. The tree adapts well to calcareous soil and a range of soil pH levels, from acidic to neutral.
- Exposure: It is well-suited to hot, arid environments and can tolerate full sun exposure.
Like most plants, African Sumacs grow faster and larger when planted in well-drained soil with regular watering. These trees do well in the desert summer and are hardy in the winter, able to withstand temperatures as low as 12 degrees Fahrenheit at night.
Watering Schedule
Here's a general guide to monthly watering schedules, considering that some months may have sufficient rainfall, marked with an asterisk (*):
The following table provides a basic watering schedule:
| Month | Watering Needs |
|---|---|
| January | Low |
| February | Low |
| March | Moderate |
| April | High |
| May | High |
| June | High |
| July | Moderate* |
| August | Moderate* |
| September | Moderate |
| October | Low |
| November | Low |
| December | Low |
High and low humidity conditions show the tree can grow in various water conditions.
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Potential Issues and Concerns
While African Sumac offers many benefits, there are some concerns to consider:
- Litter: Sumacs are thornless but produce consistent litter throughout the year, making them less ideal near pools.
- Invasive Potential: African Sumac (Rhus lancea) is considered an invasive plant species in the southwestern United States.
- Ecological Impact: Its adaptability allows it to thrive in various soil types, making it a formidable competitor against native plants. The dense canopies can shade out native vegetation.
- Allergenic Pollen: The plant produces copious amounts of allergenic pollen, which can exacerbate respiratory issues and allergies.
- Obstruction: Dense growth can obstruct views and access to recreational areas.
Q&A – My sumac trees are too tall. When should I cut back my sumac trees?
Efforts to control the spread of African Sumac include mechanical removal, herbicide application, and public awareness campaigns.
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