Egypt's Red Sea is renowned for its colourful coral reefs, plummeting walls and pinnacles, and eerie shipwrecks. You can also meet sharks while diving off the reefs in the Red Sea. They are not seen very often, but there is a chance. There are over 40 different species of sharks in the Red Sea. In this article, we'll introduce you to the top types of sharks divers are likely to encounter in the Red Sea.
Sharks make up a vital part of the underwater food chain as apex predators. Without them, we face an irreversible shift in how our seas and oceans function. The Red Sea authorities maintain strict rules regarding fishing and interacting with sharks to try and help preserve the balance that is so vital to the health of our seas.
Sharks are predators, which is reflected in their body structure. They mainly hunt fish, but also, for example, crustaceans, cephalopods or other animals. Sharks do not have a gas bladder, its function is taken over by a large liver filled with a lot of light fat. This allows them to attack with a very quick change of depth. The sharp, triangular shaped teeth are usually arranged in several rows. If the first row of teeth is damaged, the teeth will bend out, fall out and be replaced by the second row. The next row then grows to the sharks, so they have an unlimited ability to regenerate teeth. Sharks have super-developed sensory organs. They have exceptionally developed hearing, they can hear even very low frequencies for several kilometers, and they are attracted to them. Another developed sense is the sense of smell, they can sense a trace of blood or secretions excreted by a startled fish several hundred meters away.
Most of the sharks have to swim to be able to breathe. It means the water taken in by their mouths flows through their gills and thus oxygenate their blood, they must move, keep swimming. But we have exceptions here again. For example Whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus) or Zebra shark, also called leopard shark (Stegostoma fasciatum), often lies motionless on the bottom.
Sharks do not usually attack divers. Cases of shark attacks on humans in Egypt have involved swimmers at the surface, which sharks may see as their normal prey. The oceanic whitetip shark, the tiger shark or the mako shark are considered particularly dangerous.
Read also: Our Stay at DoubleTree Sharks Bay
Here are some of the latest sharks from our catalogue to be spotted. 13th July 2020: FIRST DIVE TRIP after the lockdown!After a record 7 months of not diving out there, I was able to join a liveaboard to the Marine Parks (Brother Islands & Daedalus) from the 5.- 11. July. We did not see a single boat out there, except for a speedboat in Elphinstone later in the week. We had the typical shark species for this season, scalloped hammerheads everywhere (maximum number was 7), grey reef sharks, whitetip reef sharks, pelagic threshers, one oceanic whitetip (a new male at Small Brother), and a large silky shark in Daedalus... plus an amazing encounter with two marlins, and a small pod of bottlenose dolphins.
Some of the most famous dive sites for shark encounters in the Red Sea include Brothers Islands, Daedalus Reef, Elphinstone Reef, and St. John’s.
Here are some of the top dive sites in Egypt where you can spot different species of sharks:
- Brothers Islands: The Brothers Islands are located in the middle of the Red Sea and are a popular spot for shark diving. Here, you can see schools of hammerhead sharks, oceanic whitetip sharks, and even the occasional sighting of a great white shark.
- Daedalus Reef: Daedalus Reef is another popular dive site for shark enthusiasts. This site is famous for its resident population of scalloped hammerhead sharks, as well as oceanic whitetips and thresher sharks.
- Elphinstone Reef: Elphinstone Reef is located near Marsa Alam and is a great place to spot reef sharks, including whitetips and blacktips. Occasionally, you may also see hammerhead sharks, tiger sharks, and even the occasional manta ray.
- St. John’s: St. John’s is a collection of reefs and dive sites located in the southern Red Sea. Here, you can spot a variety of shark species, including hammerheads, grey reef sharks, silvertips, and oceanic whitetips.
These dive sites offer a unique and thrilling experience for shark enthusiasts.
Searching for the Legendary Shark of the Red Sea // Life, Uncharted Ch. 02 [Documentary]
Common Shark Species in the Egyptian Red Sea
Here's a look at some of the shark species you may encounter while diving in the Red Sea:
Read also: Facts About South African Sharks
1. Reef Sharks
Grey reef sharks are the most commonly spotted species in Egypt's Red Sea, along with both blacktip and whitetip reef sharks, which are also often seen. Grey reef sharks are shy reef dwellers, have a stocky build, and grow to a maximum length of around two metres. This species is easily recognised by the dark grey band running along the outside edge of the tail, and a small white tip or margin on the dorsal fin. Because they spend much of their time patrolling reef walls and drop-offs, grey reef sharks are often encountered by beginner divers, cruising the easy-going currents.
Top dive sites: This is the most common species seen while shark diving in Egypt, with encounters possible at most of the region's popular dive sites.
Seasonal encounters: Reef sharks inhabit these waters all year long.
Pro tips: This smaller species is ideal for your first shark encounter, typically observing dive groups from afar rather than approaching.
Conservation status: Near threatened
Read also: Exploring Morocco's Marine Life: Sharks
2. Hammerhead Sharks
Easily identified by their uniquely shaped head, scalloped hammerheads are among the Red Sea's most fascinating shark species. These graceful pelagic predators are most often seen during early morning dives, emerging from the depths to visit cleaning stations or gathering at current-swept drop-offs. Dozens of these sharks can sometimes be seen schooling out in the blue, especially in the Red Sea’s central dive sites, known for fast-moving currents and schooling fish like jacks, tuna, and mackerel. But, in this diverse region, you never know when a hammerhead might pop up. Chance encounters can take place anytime, anywhere, especially during dawn and dusk dives.
Top dive sites: Head to Daedalus and Elphinstone for seasonal schools, and Jackson Reef in the Tiran Straits for chance encounters at depth.
Seasonal encounters: Hammerheads are most frequently spotted in the north from July to September, and in the south from May to July.
Pro tips: This is a timid shark species, easily scared off by loud noises like tank bangers and boat engines. So, you'll want to observe them in absolute silence!
Conservation status: Critically endangered
3. Oceanic Whitetip Sharks
Not to be confused with the smaller whitetip reef shark, this striking pelagic species is one of the most dynamic animals you can encounter whilst diving in the Red Sea. Oceanic whitetips are opportunistic and inquisitive pelagic predators, but by following a few simple instructions from your dive guide, you can ensure a safe and responsible, up-close encounter with this incredibly powerful shark species. These solitary ocean-goers are easily identified by their elongated, rounded and white-tipped dorsal and pectoral fins, and impressive stature - growing up to four-metres in length!
Top dive sites: Take a trip to the Brothers Islands, Elphinstone and St. Johns, for a chance to spot these sharks cruising gracefully out in the blue.
Seasonal encounters: Encounters are most common between October and January, but sightings are reported year-round.
Pro tips: Avoid rapid or flailing motions around this species that could accidentally imitate a struggling fish - every shark's favourite snack!
Conservation status: Critically endangered
4. Tiger Sharks
This is one of the rarest and most elusive species in the region, spending most of its time patrolling in the open ocean. So, you'll need a bit of luck on your side for a Red Sea tiger shark encounter. This solitary nomad can grow to an impressive five-metres in length, and weigh in at over a tonne. Tiger sharks have a distinctive striped pattern running along their back and sides. This natural camouflage helps the tiger shark to slowly approach its prey before striking with great speed and agility.
Top dive sites: Rocky Island, Safaga, and Elphinstone are known for chance encounters, but tiger sharks make surprise appearances around the Straits of Tiran, too.
Seasonal encounters: Because tiger sharks are so highly nomadic, they have no true season. If you want to see one, you'll just have to keep diving!
Pro tips: This species can be highly curious, even approaching dive groups. But, they likely won't stick around for long - so keep your camera handy!
Conservation status: Near threatened
5. Whale Sharks
Each year for a few short months, certain spots in Egypt's northern and southern Red Sea transform into hotspots for whale sharks. These massive filter feeders are frequently spotted on the surface as they cruise in the shallows feasting on their favourite meal - plankton.
Top dive sites: Visit reefs like Jackson and Woodhouse in the Tiran Straits for your best chances at an encounter.
Seasonal encounters: Plan your trip between March and July when whale shark sightings are most consistent.
Pro tips: Though it's tempting to reach out and touch these harmless giants, divers should keep their distance for the sharks' comfort and safety!
Conservation status: Endangered
6. Zebra Sharks (Leopard Sharks)
Correctly named the zebra shark, but known the world over as a leopard, this spotted bottom-dweller is most often encountered resting on the reef or sand. The leopard shark is a nocturnal species, so in most cases, you'll spot it napping during daylight hours. But, Red Sea night divers can sometimes come across one free swimming. Similar to a nurse shark, this animal uses suction to feed, favouring molluscs and crustaceans over more challenging prey like fish. If you are lucky enough to spot one of these fascinating sharks, approach slowly as they tend to startle. And, avoid flash photography which hurt their light-sensitive eyes.
Top dive sites: Leopard sharks are most commonly seen in northern sites around Tiran and Ras Mohammed but are present throughout the region.
Seasonal encounters: Many liveaboards focusing on shark itineraries between May and October, offering great chances of an encounter. But sightings do occur year-round.
Pro tips: Observe this sleeping shark from afar for a chance to watch it pump air over its gills, allowing it to breathe without swimming.
Conservation status: Endangered
7. Thresher Sharks
One of the Red Sea's most shy and elusive species, an encounter with a thresher shark can be a real highlight of a trip. But luckily for divers, several of the Red Sea’s famous sites offer regular sightings. This fascinating animal is unique in its appearance, sporting massive eyes for hunting in the ocean's depths, and a long whip-like tail for stunning its prey. Because threshers are deepwater sharks, they are usually seen during early morning dives, as they slowly make their way up towards cleaning stations. Threshers are extremely sensitive to light and sound, so if you see one, resist the temptation to bang on your tank or use a flash for photos - you'll just scare the shark off.
Top dive sites: Threshers are most commonly seen around the Brothers Islands.
Seasonal encounters: Unlike most Red Sea shark species, your best chances of an encounter are from September to February. Although chance sightings do occur year-round.
Pro tips: Don't forget to stay silent and avoid startling this species with flash photography.
Conservation status: Vulnerable
Other Shark Species
Besides the main species, you might also encounter these sharks:
- Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
- Silky Shark
- Blacktip Shark
- Tawny Nurse Shark
- Longfin Mako Shark (Isurus paucus)
- Shortfin Mako Shark
- Angel Shark (Squatina squatina)
- Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas)
- Sandbar Shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus)
- Lemon Shark (Negaprion brevirostris)
- Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata)
Diving Safely with Sharks
If you’re an advanced diver looking to catch a glimpse of larger sea creatures in their natural habitat, the Red Sea offers an unforgettable experience. At Egypt-Liveaboard, our specialized team values the importance of diving safely with sharks to guarantee an adventure and safe dive.
Remember, you should always select an operator who uses sustainable shark diving practices that don't interfere with the animals' natural behaviour. And, it's up to you to keep a safe distance to help protect yourself, and these fascinating endangered animals.
Here is a table summarizing the key information about the shark species mentioned:
| Species | Identification | Top Dive Sites | Seasonal Encounters | Conservation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grey Reef Shark | Dark grey band on tail, white tip on dorsal fin | Most dive sites in the Red Sea | Year-round | Near Threatened |
| Oceanic Whitetip Sharks | Elongated, rounded and white-tipped dorsal and pectoral fins | Brothers Islands, Elphinstone and St. Johns | October to January | Critically endangered |
| Hammerhead Shark | Uniquely shaped head | Daedalus, Elphinstone, Jackson Reef | July-September (North), May-July (South) | Critically Endangered |
| Tiger Shark | Striped pattern on back and sides | Rocky Island, Safaga, Elphinstone, Tiran Straits | No specific season | Near Threatened |
| Whale Shark | Massive size, filter feeder | Jackson and Woodhouse Reefs | March to July | Endangered |
| Zebra Shark (Leopard Shark) | Spotted pattern, bottom-dweller | Tiran and Ras Mohammed | May to October | Endangered |
| Thresher Shark | Large eyes, long whip-like tail | Brothers Islands | September to February | Vulnerable |
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