Tell Basta is an archaeological site in the town of Zagazig, located in the Sharkiya Governorate. This ancient city holds a significant place in Egyptian history, especially due to its association with the goddess Bastet, who was worshipped in the form of a cat.
The site has been a source of numerous archaeological discoveries, shedding light on different periods of Egyptian civilization.
Early Discoveries at Tell Basta
In 1906, workers levelling the archaeological site of Tell Basta unearthed a group of objects known as the first hoard of Tell Basta. Soon after this discovery, the Service des Antiquités conducted a small-scale excavation.
During this excavation, a small deposit was uncovered along with a second hoard and the remains of a Graeco-Egyptian bath. Unfortunately, the exact locations of the discoveries made in 1906 were not recorded, and published descriptions concerning their context remain a matter of controversy.
Temples and Burials
During the New Kingdom, temples dedicated to Bastet were built at Tell Basta. Mummified felines dating to the late period were buried there, and what are now known as the doors of the cats were discovered.
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An Old Kingdom cemetery for cats was also found at the site, thanks to Ahmed El-Sawy.
Recent Excavations and Discoveries
Recent excavations have been focused on the area south of the main temple. The purpose of these excavations is to explore what might be hidden underneath.
A huge head made of red granite was recently discovered lying on its back. Although incomplete, it is a beautiful find. The uraeus, although damaged, is still visible. It is estimated that the statue was royal and several meters in height. This head is the largest ever found at the site.
The Temple of Bastet at Bubastis
Reconstruction and Preservation Efforts
Efforts are underway to create a safe zone around the site and reconstruct the temple. The goal is to open the site to the public, allowing tourists to understand its history and culture and to enjoy themselves.
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The sands of Tell Basta hold many secrets, and we never know what future excavations may reveal.
Key Figures and Artifacts
Several significant figures and artifacts have been associated with Tell Basta, including:
- Maya: Minister under Amenhotep III of Dynasty 18 and the nurse of King Tut. A scene showing Maya with the young Tutankhamun seated on her lap was found.
- Ramesses II: Contributed to the construction and expansion of the temples at Tell Basta.
The site also features a statue of Bellou.
The Significance of Tell Basta
Tell Basta is not just an archaeological site; it is an individual entity with its own wisdom. The people involved have learned much from the pharaohs. Excavations continue in the area, and it is hoped that the site will soon be open to the public, allowing people to learn about the history of this city of cats.
Challenges and Future Prospects
One of the challenges facing Tell Basta is sight pollution. However, ongoing efforts aim to mitigate this issue and enhance the visitor experience.
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The ongoing excavations promise to uncover more of the city's secrets, offering new insights into its rich history and cultural significance.
| Deity | Associated Animal | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Bastet | Cat | Goddess of protection, fertility, and motherhood |
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