Ras Dashen, also known as Ras Dejen, is the crown jewel of the Simien Mountains National Park. Standing at an impressive 14,872 feet (4,533 meters), it is the highest mountain in Ethiopia, the highest in the Horn of Africa, and the tenth-highest peak on the continent. This majestic peak is situated within the Simien National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Ras Dashen Peak
The Simien Mountains are the highest parts of the Ethiopian Plateau (more than 2,000 meters; or 6,560 feet), surrounded by a steep, ragged escarpment with dramatic vertical cliffs, pinnacles, and rock spires. Included in the range is the highest point in Ethiopia, Ras Dashen at 4,533 meters (14,926 feet).
Geological Formation and Climate
The lavas erupted quickly (in about one million years) 31 million years ago, as the tectonic plate carrying Ethiopia passed above what is known as the Afar hotspot, a localized spot of intense heat or magma production that is not at a tectonic plate boundary. As the tectonic plate passed over the hotspot, the general region of Ethiopia rose in elevation.
Although the plateau lies in the latitude of the Sahara-Arabia deserts, its high altitude makes for a cool, wet climate. In fact, the Semien Mountains are one of the few places in Africa to regularly receive snow, and they receive plentiful rainfall (more than 1,280 millimeters, or 55 inches). The moderate climate is shown by light green vegetation on the mountains, compared with the brown canyons, which are hot and dry. The green tinge on the biggest escarpment (trending across the bottom third of the image) is also vegetation, showing that this part of the escarpment also receives more rain than other parts of the escarpment wall. A major canyon cuts the flatter plateau surface (image center), with several more surrounding the plateau.
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The Trek to Ras Dashen
Located in the Simien Mountains National Park, Ras Dashen offers a challenging and rewarding trekking experience for outdoor enthusiasts. The trek to Ras Dashen typically begins in the town of Debark, where visitors obtain permits and make necessary arrangements. Located approximately 22km east of the National Park boundaries though most treks start in Debark and cross through the heart of the Park.
Summiting this Goliath is no easy task, but local guides and scouts can help you traverse the most accessible trails. The full Ras Dashen hike can take up to 12 hours; 7 hours up and 5 hours down. Surprisingly, the trail follows relatively even terrain for the majority of the hike. As the trail ends, there is a steep section up a craggy rock face that leads out on to the summit of Ras Dashen.
Most visitors who tackle Ras Dashen first spent 2 or 3 nights camping on the primary escarpment to get acclimatised and see all the best viewpoints before heading over to Ras Dashen. It's not possible to hike Ras Dashen while based at a lodge as the only two lodges, Limalimo Lodge and Simien Lodge, are on the other side of the park. To access Ras Dashen, you have to camp out in the mountains, most commonly at the base camp of Ambiko (although there are more rugged routes for those who really want to get out into the sticks).
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The views all around are staggering, and the ascent climb is gentle enough to allow you to enjoy the views and talk to your guides, rather than focusing exclusively on the path ahead.
From the summit you can either backtrack or continue on to Dilibza where you can catch a ride. There are a few options for descending Ras Dashen. If your legs are up for it, you can backtrack down the way you came, and enjoy more of the stunning Simien Mountains scenery. Weary eyed travellers can take advantage of a fleet of minibuses and cars parked only a short walk away from the peak that will drive you down to Dilibza.
Read also: Climbing Ras Dashen
What You'll See
The Semien Mountains are home to a diverse range of plant and animal species. The region boasts unique Afro-alpine vegetation, including giant lobelias and the endemic Abyssinian rose. Wildlife found in the area includes the endangered Ethiopian wolf, Gelada baboon, and Walia ibex. Every visitor will undoubtedly see the amusing Gelada Baboons.
Gelada Baboons in Simien Mountains
Essential Information for Trekkers
All hikes through the park must be arranged at the park office located in Debark. Even though Ras Dashen lies outside of the park boundaries, the main trail leads through the park. A scout (~3USD/day) is mandatory and a guide is optional (if you want to communicate with your scout). The entrance fees are around 12USD per two days.
Each campsite is equipped with one or more "traditional style" huts that include a fire ring and seating. There are ground wells at the first three sites. At Ambiko, you must collect water from a not so pure looking stream (a trickle depending on what time of year you come). Be sure to bring warm clothes. It surprises a lot of people that it gets so cold.
The summit climb is nothing more than a long hike following goat trails. There is a small scramble up solid rocks to reach the summit, requiring no technical skill. Views from the summit are less than spectacular. There is a strange phenomenon of feeling lower than almost all of the surrounding mountains.
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All supplies that you will need (except warm clothes, boots, etc.) are available for rent in Debark. This includes tents, sleeping bags, blankets, food, stoves, and donkeys. Food is also available from the locals living inside of the park. You can buy eggs, goats, chickens, and even beer!
Getting There
Ethiopia has strained relationships with neighboring Eritrea and nearly all the border areas are not advisable for tourists, so most visitors will arrive at the capital's Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. Many nationalities are offered visas on arrival. The approach from Addis Ababa to the mountain passes Gonder and Debark, the home of Simien National Park Headquarters. Gonder can be reached by either a crowded bus ride that takes most of a day or a short 2 hour flight.
Why Climb Ras Dashen?
Ras Dashen is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty. The surrounding landscapes of Ras Dashen are awe-inspiring. The mountain is part of the Simien Mountains range, known for its dramatic escarpments, deep valleys, and stunning vistas. The rugged cliffs, steep slopes, and vast open spaces offer a mesmerizing and picturesque environment.
The slopes are adorned with vibrant and colorful wildflowers, including the endemic Abyssinian rose, creating a striking contrast against the rocky terrain. The presence of giant lobelias and other alpine plants further enhances the mountain’s charm.
Exploring the mountain allows visitors to encounter rare and endangered species such as the Ethiopian wolf, Gelada baboon, and Walia ibex. Observing these remarkable creatures in their natural habitat adds to the enchantment of the mountain.
Witnessing the sunrise or sunset from the summit of Ras Dashen is a truly magical experience. As the golden rays illuminate the landscape, the mountain is bathed in a warm glow, creating a memorable and captivating scene.
Away from the hustle and bustle of city life, the mountain offers a peaceful and serene environment. The fresh mountain air, the sound of nature, and the absence of modern distractions provide a soothing and rejuvenating experience.
Sample Itinerary for Climbing Ras Dashen
Climbing Ras Dashen requires good physical fitness, proper acclimatization to high altitudes, and experience in mountain trekking. It is recommended to hire a knowledgeable local guide who can provide guidance, ensure your safety, and enhance your overall experience. Additionally, pack appropriate gear, including warm clothing, sturdy hiking boots, and sufficient food and water for the duration of the trek.
| Day | Activity |
|---|---|
| 1 | Arrive in Debark, hike to Sankaber campsite |
| 2 | Hike to Geech campsite |
| 3 | Ascend to Ras Dashen summit, descend to Geech campsite |
| 4 | Descend from Geech campsite to Sankaber campsite |
| 5 | Descend from Sankaber campsite to Debark, depart |
