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Enugu (Igbo: Ọ̀hà Enugwu) (verbally pronounced as "Enugwu" by the Igbo indigenes) is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered to the north by the states of Benue and Kogi, Ebonyi to the east and southeast, Abia to the south, and Anambra to the west. The state takes its name from its capital and largest city, Enugu.
Of the 36 states, Enugu is the 29th largest in area and 22nd most populous with an estimated population of over 4.4 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state is divided between the Niger Delta swamp forests in the far south and the drier Guinean forest-savanna mosaic with some savanna in the rest of the state.
The city acquired township status in 1917 and was called Enugwu-Ngwo. "Enugu" redirects here.
Map of Enugu State
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Historical Overview
Modern-day Enugu State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, primarily the Igbo people with minorities of Idoma and Igala peoples in Etteh Uno, a community in Igbo Eze North Local Government Area. In the pre-colonial period, what is now Enugu State was a part of the medieval Kingdom of Nri and the Arochukwu-based Aro Confederacy before the latter was defeated in the early 1900s by British troops in the Anglo-Aro War.
After independence in 1960, the area of what is now Enugu was a part of the post-independence Eastern Region until May 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the East Central State. Less than two months afterwards, the former Eastern Region attempted to secede in the three-year long Nigerian Civil War with what is now Enugu State as a part of the secessionist state of Biafra.
The city of Enugu was named the Biafran capital until October 1967 when it was captured by federal forces; the rest of the state was hard-fought over but much of it fell by June 1968. At the war's end and the reunification of Nigeria, the East Central State was reformed until 1976 when Anambra State (including what is now Enugu) was formed by the Murtala Muhammed regime.
Enugu At A Glance | The History of Enugu City
Geography and Climate
Enugu State is one of the states in the eastern part of Nigeria located at the foot of the Udi Plateau. Enugu, the capital city of Enugu State, is on the railroad from Port Harcourt, 150 miles (240 km) south-southwest, and at the intersection of roads from Aba, Onitsha, and Abakaliki. It is approximately 4 hours drive away from Port Harcourt, where coal shipments exited Nigeria.
Enugu is also located within an hour's drive from Onitsha, one of the biggest commercial cities in Africa and two hours' drive from Aba, an industrial city, both of which are trading centres in Nigeria. The average temperature in this city is cooler to mild ~17°C (60°F) in its cooler months and gets warmer to hot in its warmer months ~28°C (upper 80°F).
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Enugu has good soil-land and climatic conditions all year round, sitting at about 223 metres (732 ft) above sea level (asl) on average and the highest point in the state at 592 metres (1,942 ft) on the ridge of the Enugu Escarpment.
Enugu State has a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate. The mean temperature in Enugu in the hottest month of February is about 87.16 °F (30.64 °C), while the lowest temperatures occur in the month of December, reaching 60.54 °F (15.86 °C).
Economy
Economically, Enugu State is based around trading, manufacturing, mainly plastics (but recently, China opened a factory called Dongfeng), and services along with agriculture, mainly of yams, rice, cocoyam, oil palm, and cassava. A key minor industry was mining, especially of coal in the Udi Hills around the city of Enugu.
Economically, the state is predominantly rural and agrarian, with a substantial proportion of its working population engaged in farming, although trading (18.8%) and services (12.9%) are also important. In the urban areas trading is the dominant occupation, followed by services. A small proportion of the population is also engaged in manufacturing activities, with the most pronounced among them located in Enugu, Oji, Ohebedim and Nsukka.
The state boasts of a number of markets especially at each of the divisional headquarters, the most prominent of which is the Ogbete Main market in the State capital, Enugu. There is also one of the largest grains market East of the Niger, the Orie Orba Market which plays host to most farmers from the North Central States of Benue, Kogi, Nassarawa and Plateau who use the market to dispose their produce for consumers in South-East and South-Southern Nigeria.
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Electricity supply is relatively stable in Enugu and its environs. The Oji River Power Station (which used to supply electricity to all of Eastern Nigeria) is located in Enugu State. With the deregulation of electricity generation in Nigeria and the privatisation of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), it is hoped the State Government would assist private investors to negotiate the take over and reactivation of the Oji Power Station. This is more so with the proximity of the Enugu coal mines to the power station, a driving distance of about 20 minutes. There are also traces of crude oil in Ugwuoba, in the same Oji-River Local Government area of the state. The state will also negotiate with investors interested in investing in the coal mining in Enugu.
Education and Healthcare
Every community in Enugu State has at least one Primary/Elementary school and one Secondary school, funded and run by State Government. Nigeria's first indigenous university, (University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN)), is located in Enugu State.
The state also hosts the Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT), Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Federal Cooperative College, Oji River (FCCO); Enugu State College of Education Technical, Enugu; Caritas University, Amorji-Nike, Renaissance University, Ugbawka; Command Day Secondary School Enugu, Federal Government College Enugu, Federal School of Dental Technology & Therapy, College of Immaculate Conception, Enugu, Queen's School Enugu a Prominent high school for girls in the Eastern region; St. Theresa's College, Nsukka; Special Science Boys' Secondary School Agbani, Nkanu West L.G.A; [St. Patrick's Secondary School], Emene, Bigard Memorial Seminary, Enugu; Awgu County College, Nenwe; Community Secondary School, Ugbo-Okpala, Ugbo; Corpus Christi College, Achi, Royal Crown Academy, Nsukka, Enugu State, Enugu]; Our Saviour Institute of Science and Technology, Enugu; and the Federal College of Education, Eha-Amufu, Seat of Wisdom Secondary School Trans Ekulu Enugu, Osisatech boys secondary school.
There are also a host of private computer schools and training centres concentrated in Enugu and Nsukka. The University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) is located in Enugu State, as is the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital and College of Medicine, which is located in the capital city, Enugu.
In addition to numerous private hospitals and clinics in the state, there are seven District Hospitals at Enugu -Urban, Udi, Agbani, Awgu, Ikem, Enugu-Ezike, and Nsukka - and at least one health centre or cottage hospital in every one of the 17 Local Government Areas and 39 Development Centres in the state.
Two of the initial three aircraft are already in place, and 100 CNG buses will enter service this month alongside terminals in Holy Ghost, Gariki, Abakpa, and Nsukka. Akanu Ibiam International Airport is an international airline serving Enugu State.
Religion
The churches in Enugu State include Catholic, Anglican, and Pentecostal churches - both Orthodox and unorthodox. The Catholic Cathedral is Holy Ghost Cathedral located close to Ogbete Main Market. The Catholic Church comprises three suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Onitsha: Enugu (1962) with 206 parishes under Bishop Callistus Chukwuma Valentine Onaga (2009) [1], Nsukka (1990) with 193 parishes under Bishop Godfrey Igwebuike Onah (2013) [2], and Awgu (2005) with 48 parishes under Bishop John Ifeanyichukwu Okoye, (2005).
The Anglican Cathedral is Cathedral Church of Good Shepherd located at 11 Achi St, Independence Layout.
Demographics
Enugu State had a population of 3,267,837 people at the census held in 2006 (estimated at over 3.8 million in 2012). As the city is within the broader cultural region of Igboland, the population of Enugu has historically been predominantly Igbo, with the ethnic composition reflecting the region's demographics.
Early records, such as the 1929 census, indicated that the vast majority of Enugu's population were originally from the Eastern Region, with the ethnic Igbo community alone constituting 85% of the population. Other ethnic groups - such as the Hausa, Yoruba, and Fulani ethnic groups along with smaller groups from the Middle Belt and Niger Delta - also settled in the city with 10% of the population originating from the Western Region and 2% originating from the Northern Region while another 2% came from non-Igbo eastern communities in 1929.
Culture and Festivals
As a Northern Igbo city, Enugu shares cultural traits with its neighbouring towns. Two important Igbo traditional festivals take place in Enugu annually; the Mmanwu festival and the New yam festival.
The Mmanwu festival takes place in November and features various types of masquerades that each have a name. This festival is held at the Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium as a parade of carnival-like masquerades that are accompanied by music and it is supported by the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture.
The second important Igbo festival, the New yam festival known as 'iwa ji', is held between August and October marking the harvesting and feasting of the new yam. The yam is a root vegetable that is the staple crop and a cultural symbol for the Igbo people.
Recently created festivals include the Enugu Festival of Arts which is managed by the Enugu Council of Arts and Culture. The festival highlights African culture and traditions and it is here that the Enugu Council of...
Enugu State Postal Codes
The postal code for Enugu State, Nigeria ranges from 400001 to 413111, with 400001 being the code for the NIPOST headquarters of Enugu state.
| Area | Postal Code Range |
|---|---|
| NIPOST Headquarters | 400001 |
| Enugu State General | 400001 - 413111 |
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