Globally, some progress on women’s rights has been achieved. However, work still needs to be done in Egypt to achieve gender equality.
Egyptian schoolchildren.
Gender Inequality and SDG Indicators
As of Dec-20, only 56.6% of indicators needed to monitor the SDGs from a gender perspective were available, with gaps in key areas, in particular: key labour market indicators, such as the gender pay gap. In addition, many areas - such as gender and poverty, physical and sexual harassment, women’s access to assets (including land), and gender and the environment - lack comparable methodologies for reguar monitoring.
For this score, we use the 72 gender-specific SDG indicators in the Women Count Data Hub’s SDG Dashboard for the 193 UN Member States. For each indicator, we calculate the 33rd and 66th percentiles of the distribution and, based on those two values, countries are classified as belonging to high performance, medium performance and low performance categories.
Key Indicators:
- Employed population below international poverty line.
- Unemployment rate.
- Rate of out of school children.
- Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months.
- Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic chores and care work.
- Proportion of teachers who have received at least the minimum organized teacher training
Education and Enrollment in Egypt
Both men and women have equal access to education in Egypt, but the literacy rate is significantly higher among men.
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Enrollment Statistics:
- Egypt EG: Gender Parity Index (GPI): Primary and Secondary School Enrollment
- Egypt EG: Gross Intake Ratio in First Grade of Primary Education: Female: % of Relevant
- Egypt EG: Gross Intake Ratio in First Grade of Primary Education: Male: % of Relevant
- Egypt EG: Gross Intake Ratio in First Grade of Primary Education: % of Relevant
- Egypt EG: Net Intake Rate in Grade 1: Female: % of Official School-Age Population
- Egypt EG: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: % of Primary School Age Children
- Egypt EG: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Female: % of Primary School Age
- Egypt EG: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: Male: % of Primary School Age
- Egypt EG: Government Expenditure on Education: Total: % of Government Expenditure
- Egypt EG: Adolescents Out of School: Female: % of Female Lower Secondary School
Literacy Rate by Country.
Cultural and Social Context
There is certainly no requirement or expectation that women wear head scarves in Egypt. Many do. For Raheem, it is a matter of personal choice. There is no obligation or pressure for her to do so. The Qur’an does not require women to wear the head scarf or hijab.
Sex outside marriage is contrary to Sharia law and therefore illegal in Egypt. But even worse than that, there is tremendous stigma attached to being “unvirgin.” This is the word Raheem used; she said there is actually a word in Arabic for this. There is almost no sex education in Egypt.
Raheem was married when she was fairly young, and her husband was also young. Her husband told her he didn’t want her to have other friends, because he became jealous. So she gave up all her friends. She was completely subserviant. Then, after she had broken ties with everyone outside her marriage, her husband told her he felt he was too young to be a father.
As a single mother, Raheem thought she had no hope of ever finding another husband. But she did meet her current husband, and for him her previous marriage, her son, and her “unvirgin” status weren’t an issue. They have a son of their own, and he treats her older son like his own as well.
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It was both inspiring and tragic to listen to Raheem talk about her life and, by extension, the lives of women in Egypt.
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Global Literacy Rates
The global literacy rate for all people aged 15 and above is 86.3%. The global literacy rate for all males is 90.0%, and the rate for all females is 82.7%.
Definitions:
Data published by UNESCO using the following definitions:
- Youth: Percentage of people aged 15 to 24 years who can both read and write, with understanding, a short simple statement on their everyday life. Generally, "literacy" also encompasses "numeracy", the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations.
- Adult: Percentage of the population aged 25 years and over who can both read and write, with understanding, a short simple statement on his/her everyday life. Generally, "literacy" also encompasses "numeracy", the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations.
- Elderly: Percentage of the population aged 65 years and over who can both read and write, with understanding, a short simple statement on his/her everyday life. Generally, "literacy" also encompasses "numeracy", the ability to make simple arithmetic calculations.
Gender Parity Index (GPI):
The gender parity index (GPI) of the youth literacy rate is the ratio of the female to male literacy rates of the population aged 15 to 24 years.
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